The Rise And Fall Of Charles Fourier Essay Example For Students

The Rise And Fall Of Charles Fourier Essay Another crazeswept France, just as the majority of Europe, in the mid nineteenthcentury. The persecuted society was depleted from its consistent battleagainst itself. Thepeople looked for transform; they looked for help from the financial labyrinththeyhad beenspinning themselves mixed up in for their whole lives, and the livesof theirfathers, and theirfathers before them. Their psyches meandered fromthe dullness of changingspools ofthread in a material factory or pulling bucketsof water in that equivalent plant to aland of freedom andequality their landof flawlessness. At that point out of nowhere an entryway opened. Or more that entryway, in blockletters, readtheword SOCIALISM. Also, remaining next to, enticing to allto enter, stoodFrancoisMarie Charles Fourier. Charles Fourier wasborn on April 7, 1772, in Besancon, France. The child ofaprosperous clothmerchant, he was empowered since the beginning to pursuecommerce. His fatherdied when Charles was nine, leaving him a bequest esteeming inexcess of 80,000francs. Upon the guidance of his family, Fourier entered the business world, despitehispersonalinterests in expressions of the human experience and sciences. He sought after an apprenticeship inLyonsscommercialsystem for a long time, coming back to Besancon in mid 1793. Hehad spenthisyears admirably, going through quite a bit of France and investigating the culturalandsocialdiversity of the spots he visited. Be that as it may, because of the disturbance andunstablestate ofFrance at that point, the Fourier family lost all their property. Theseunfortunatecircumstances carried Fouriers come back to Paris. (Taylor100)It was here where he established the fundamental standards of his socio-economicbeliefs. He was given a direct view into the working of the economy, and hewasdisgustedby the debasement and misleading he found. All through his childhood,andadolescence,then conveyed into adulthood, he saw the seriousness ofthe distinctionsbetween classes. He developed in the fallout of the FrenchRevolution, maybe the mostsociallyincorrect period ever. Hewitnessed the ruin the guillotine wreakedon thearistocracy while watchingthe disarray made by the neediness that resultedfrom over-tax collection from thepeasant class. He saw these two oppositely restricted groupsas the rootofall detestable and tried to debilitate the power that divided them. Anenormouschasmexisted between the upper and lower classes, and Fourier accepted thatif hecould discover away to wipe out that, he would discover genuine Utopia. Hegradually started todevelop analternative social request. In 1808 a bookwas distributed. It was fittingly titled Theorie desQuatreMouvementset des Destinees Generales, or Theory of the Four Movements andtheGeneralDestinies. Fourier was reporting to the world his revelation: notonly weretherenatural laws, and laws of material science or science, there were social laws. Hedescribedthe four circles, his name for divisions of movement the social,animal,organic andmaterial, each represented by severe numerical laws. (Taylor 101) However,the onlysphere that any disclosures had been madein so far was the material sphere,and this iswhere the issue in civilizedsociety lay. In the event that we could reveal the remainingthree, some ofthis chaosmay be helped. His subsequent book was a more profound variant of his first, in whichhe preciselydescribedthe phases of advancement, running from the formationof man to the day ofreckoning. Another followed, Traite de lAssociationDomestique-Agricole. In this workheintroduced the Phalanx, from the Greekword meaning a precise body ofpersons, and histheory that humankind couldbegin to build up states of social congruity insmall scalecommunitiesorganized as indicated by the logical standards of humanassociation whichFourierclaimed to have found. (Taylor 103) He included definite andspecificinstructionsfor the foundation of such a network. This distribution was,in essence,aplea to some affluent supporter to make a commitment for the establishment foratrial Phalanx. His extreme thoughts were, without a doubt, not very wellreceived. He wasrejected time andagain by distributers, magazine editors,and fundamentally any other person who hadanything to dowith the scholarly network. The pundits who did really try to peruse hiswork scornedand ridiculedit, and just in one paper, the Mercure de France du XIXSiecle, offeredanyamount of praise:Even when the creator may appear to us lost in an imaginaryspace, we havedoubtsof our own explanation very as much as his: we call tomind that Columbus wastreated as a visionary, Galileo denounced as a heretic,and yet America didexist,the earth turned round the sun. Computer games and Aggression EssayWhen love hasgone man can just vegetate and look for distractionsor fantasies to stow away theemptiness of hissoul. He accepted that mansnature drove him to want to participate in amorousactivitieswith a wide varietyof accomplices, however society had encroached upon this, callingit unethical anddistasteful. He needed to hurl aside these assumptions about monogamousrelationshipsand permit individuals to test uninhibitedly. A Court of Love was arrangement to insurethatall individuals be permitted adequate fondness, under the perspectives that abodyneedssexual satisfaction similarly as it needs food. Along these lines, similarly as food was distributed,sexwould bedistributed, as to dispense with physical longings, in this way evacuating muchtension. The freedom of work and love were to turn into the reason for Fourierism. In spite of the fact that these thoughts didn't grab hold particularly firmly in Europe, inAmerica,a tidalwave of communism was framing, and Charles Fouriers standards wereridingin along withit. In 1841, a gathering of eight men and their familiestraveled to West Roxbury,Massachusetts. They amassed themselves as a groupof similarly invested peopleto discovered acommunity, where work would be, in Emersonswords, respected and joined withthe freedevelopment of the insight andthe heart'. (Curtis 61)Once there, they set up a network that soughtto structurize work. Theland onwhich they were living, when Ellis Farm,was renamed Brook Farm, and witheach passingmonth, the network developed nearer. Their regular guests incorporated the likesof MargaretFuller, Bronson Alcott,Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and AlbertBrisbane. Truth be told, Hawthornesnovel Blithedale Romance was composed abouthisexperiences at Brook Farm. Butit was Brisbane, unexpectedly the least known, who had the most profoundimpactonthis little agrarian culture. Brisbane had quite recently come over from Paris, andwhilethere hadwritten a work into the beliefs of Fourier. Along these lines, when BrisbanevisitedBrook Farm,he saw not a basic gathering of ranchers looking for ways tomaintain their simplelives, yet thepotential for a test in UtopianSocialism, at the end of the day, a FourianPhalanx. Brisbane effectively convincedGeorge Ripley, author, just as the otherdirectors, that a conversionto Fourierism would bring a lot of need capital andprosperity totheir network. By 1844, Brook Farm was the Brook Farm Phalanx and by 1845,it wascompletelyreorganized as per Fouriers standards. Be that as it may, disaster struck in 1848when a monstrous fire wrecked the fundamental buildingandmany of the surroundingstructures. It was never remade on the grounds that the fundswere not there,but also,neither was the intrigue. The thoughts behind it were unreasonably radicalfor theconservativesliving in America in that time, and they were reluctant toresist theconformityof society. Charles Fourier saw an issue in the public arena, and he looked for notto change ithimself,but to offer an answer for people in general. He had veryliberal and radicalideals, both increasingand diminishing his notoriety. He opened an entryway for France and America, andthough thatdoor was once againshut, he had a significant effect on history. Cole, GDH. A History of SocialistThought, Volume I: The Forerunners. London:Macmillan, 1965. pp. 62-75. Thisencyclopedia style reference gave a general review of socialismandits establishments. Curtis, Edith Roelker. A Season in Utopia. AmericanHeritage, Vol. X, No. 3 (April1959). pp. 58-63, 98-100. This articlegives a background marked by Brook Farm and its binds with Fourierism. Ellis, HarryB. Standards and Ideologies. Cleveland: The World PublishingCompany, 1968. p. 130. This book recounted Hawthornes job in Brook Farm and furthermore describedFouriersview on the economy. Engels, Friedrich. Communism: Utopian and ScientificThe Essential Works ofMarxism. Engels gives an analysis on the workof Fourier. Lichtheim, George. The Origins of Socialism. New York: PraegerPublishers,1969. pp. 26-39. This book examined Fouriers job as comparedto others, for example, Owenand Saint-Simon. Lichtheim, George. A ShortHistory of Socialism. New York: PraegerPublishers, 1970. pp. 42-63. Thisbook went into more prominent profundity than Lichtheims first, talking about socialismin more noteworthy detail. Manuel, Frank E. what's more, Fritzie P. French Utopias. New York: The Free Press,1966. pp. 299-328. The editors translatedthe work of many French scholars. Fouriers Systemof Passionate Attractionis included. Manuel, Frank E. Utopias and Utopian Thought. Boston: HoughtonMifflinCompany,1966. This book depicted the establishments of Utopianthinking. Taylor, Keith. The Political Ideas of the Utopian Socialists. London: FrankCass andCompany, Limited, 1982. pp. 100-131This bookwent into extraordinary detail on Fourier, including personal sketchand discourse. Random

Wit, Humor and Irony in Pride and Prejudice free essay sample

The target of this paper is to break down the mind, the incongruity and the cleverness present in the novel made by Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice, composed somewhere in the range of 1796 and 1797. This epic is essentially a romantic tale that manages the subject of marriage, social classes, and their disparities and preferences. The courageous woman Elizabeth Bennet is a 20-year-old young lady, depicted as a wise and clever individual, living in the late of eighteenth century in a domain called Longbourn with her family. In spite of the fact that it is an extremely old book, Pride and Prejudice contains a great deal of topics in it that are forward-thinking and exceptionally fascinating to present day perusers. Included it has motivated films and TV arrangement. The most recent adjustment of the book to the films was made in 2005 and it is the one we will examine so as to analyze the book and the film. Jane Austen is extraordinary compared to other known and most read writer in English writing. She has an extraordinarily ability to depict characters and connections, just as her incongruity and social diversion/parody. Jane Austen’s books recount to romantic tales, yet consistently considering something more than sentiment, particularly since she was against seriously enthusiastic sentiment herself. Notwithstanding the subject of adoration, she additionally expounds on companionship, respect, confidence and cash. She passed on in 1817 with 41-year-old and never got marriage, the significance provided for this issue is constantly reflected in her work, particularly the way that finding an appropriate spouse was one of the principle objectives in the women’s lives. Jane Austen and her family had their place in the â€Å"gentry† inside the social class framework in England. The upper class were the developing white collar class which incorporated the lower respectability and the â€Å"bourgeoisie† (land possessing working class). The â€Å"gentry† was a wide class with individuals with various fortunes in it. There were some exceptionally rich and others very little. It had affected her books. Jane realized that new gatherings of respectable men were ascending. She features Mr. Gardiner, Elizabeth’s uncle, a businessperson in London as somebody from the nobility. She is known as an individual truly worried about social inquiries and she shows it in the book. All through this novel, she uncovered the people groups jobs and thoughts of status. Jane regularly discusses societys presumptions and groupings. In this book, Jane Austen likewise investigates the strain between the development of female character and individual premium. It shows up from numerous entries in the novel that the standards of female conduct forestall a legitimate display of self. During her lifetime, the writer utilized subjects of: Individual and society, Property and class, Politics, Gender, Religion, Morality, Education and perusing. Mind, Humor and Irony in Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen’s acclaim is a mix of numerous great characteristics. She can appear in her books all her astuteness through the Irony, parody and diversion. The incongruity is one of her most trademark abstract procedures. Her books utilize incongruity to show the social false reverence. In the book we are studding she utilizes incongruity to scrutinize the marriage showcase, she says on the start of the book â€Å"It is a reality generally recognized, that a solitary man possessing a favorable luck, must be in need of a spouse. Be that as it may, during the novel she repudiates it: it is ladies without fortunes who need spouses and search them out. What's more, the main character who joins this â€Å"truth† is Mrs. Bennet, The creator additionally has the trademark to show with humor that the inversions of social are out of the truth. The â€Å"truth† she uncovered in the principal lines, educate us regarding the setting of the book: the Bennet family, are not really attempting to wed their 5 girls. The mother is stressed with these relationships, and in her endeavors to ensure that they will marriage as fast and beneficially as conceivable makes an amusing dramatization about family, society, and marriage. Perusing the book you can see in various scenes that Jane utilizes the amusingness to portraying and investigating the various connections that are accompanying the history. She utilizes parody for instance to show Mrs. Bennet hysterics and fervor over another rich man around, or Mr. Collins relentless bowing. It is utilized by Austen to chuckle and mocking certain individuals and circumstances that she objects. For example, individuals who base their lives and connections on adulation, or individuals who are excessively brimming with themselves. Austen likewise utilizes parody to uncertainty of run of the mill hypotheses. Particularly Elizabeth, she is seeing as extensive interiority, while others serve explicit capacities without more noteworthy profundity and are frequently essentially scorned by the creator. Austen manages female, male, focal, and fringe characters in an unexpected way. The subsequent picture of society can appear to be loaded with clashing perspectives. She regularly shows the imprudence of human conduct. Storyteller The book uses a mix of account voice and discourse or appearing and telling. The epic is written in the third individual, where the storyteller isnt a real character in the story however an outside watcher. The storyteller is additionally omniscient; the person in question can go into a characters considerations and illuminate the peruser regarding what's going on. Characters Elizabeth Bennet She is the second little girl in Bennet’s family, appearing as the most astute and shrewd. She is the hero, to the perusers she has just great characteristics she is exquisite, astute, genuineness, prudently, she is very surprising than the general public where she lives. She changes the novel into a history where she is battling for her genuine affection, Darcy. Her target in the book isn't follow their sisters or mom advices, she is looking to conquer her own mixed up impressions of Darcy, which at first lead her to dismiss his recommendations of marriage and gradually she begins to see the respectability of Mr. Darcy and she understands the blunder of her underlying partiality against him. With this character Jane Austen’s questions the propensity to pass judgment on close to home legitimacy dependent on pay and status. Elizabeth at first is feeling that Mr. Wickham is a decent man in spite of the fact that of low economic wellbeing, and she accepts that Darcy, on account of his fortune is an abhorrent individual. Elizabeth habits are portrayed by the others as exceptionally terrible without a doubt, a blend of pride and rudeness however the creator is attempting to depict her as the one in particular who has confidence. Fitzwilliam Darcy In the start of the book, Elizabeth depicts Mr. Darcy as the proudest, most offensive man on the planet. Be that as it may, in reality he isn't in excess of a child of an affluent, entrenched family and the ace of the extraordinary home of Pemberley. Darcy is Elizabeth’s perfect match. Wise and decided, he also tends to decide just as she does. What's more, his affluent does right by him and despite the fact that he doesn’t appear to mind, he knows about his social condition His pomposity makes him at first to wreck the relationship he was attempting to organize. At the point when she decays his proposition he begins to be progressively modest. Despite the fact that the deny he remains dedicated to her. After many demonstrates he shows himself as a man who commendable Elizabeth’s hand and she at long last alter her perspective, she atones and acknowledge to remain with him. Jane Bennet and Charles Bingley Jane is the senior sister of Elizabeth and Bingley is the Darcy’s closest companion, Jane and Bingley get lock in. They initially meet at the ball in Meryton and appreciate a prompt common fascination. They are most similar to rise to in their conduct; both are upbeat, inviting, and kind. They generally make great decisions attempting to see the great side of everybody. They make an extraordinary difference to the couple Beth and Darcy. Their essential qualities are altruism and similarity. They are to show the genuine affection without pride or bias. Mr. Bennet He is Elizabeth’s father and is attempting to discover his job in a family with such a strange spouse and troublesome little girls. He is separated and some of the time he shows snide amusingness. Mr. Bennet recognizes himself with Elizabeth due to her astuteness and knowledge. In spite of the fact that he looks a thoughtful individual we can see that he is in reality a powerless father who doesn’t respond when he is required. Mrs. Bennet Mrs. Bennet is exhausting and troublesome character. She is loud and absurd; she is a lady who just tries to marriage her girls. Incidentally, her targets never appear to work appropriately. She isn't well disposed with nobody which she attempts to frantically draw in. Toward the finish of the book, she ends up being such an ugly figure, with nothing more than trouble attributes. She is by all accounts the representation of ravenousness. The connection between Mr. what's more, Mrs. Bennet isn't a case of affection and marriage congruity. The threat or just misjudging among a couple serves to set each character into a sort of help where issues and absurdity become featured. Look at the novel and the film In my view the primary contrast are the various expectations of the two renditions. The distinctions can be the greatest number of as we can watch for instance, the film has a short length, along these lines, a significant number of the goals and feelings presents on the book don’t show up in the film. The characters are not very much depicted, the scenes and even the main issue of the novel are unique. I’ve saw that the triangle between Elizabeth, Darcy and Wickham are not stressed in the film for what it's worth in the book. The Darcy story itself isn't fitting on the film. Other detail that didn’t show up in the film are the Bennet’s sisters visit to their auntie, and the narratives that occur there were excluded. The book gives us more insights concerning the activities and the characters conduct, I saw that the own Elizabeth in the film is an impolite young lady and cantankerous, however in the book she is introduced as a geniality young lady, and a clever ladies with kind habits. The connection between Bennet’s family, exceptional among Jane and Elizabeth are not all around uncovered in the m

Epinephrines Role in Stress Response

Epinephrine's Role in Stress Response Stress Management Effects on Health Print How Your Body Uses Epinephrine in Stress Response By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on October 21, 2019 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living 4FR/Getty Images Also known as adrenaline, epinephrine is a naturally occurring hormone thats used during the bodys stress response. During the fight-or-flight response response, the adrenal gland releases epinephrine into the bloodstream, along with other hormones like cortisol, signaling the heart to pump harder, increasing blood pressure, opening airways in the lungs, narrowing blood vessels in the skin and intestine to increase blood flow to major muscle groups, and performing other functions to enable the body to fight or run when encountering a perceived threat.? The Role of Perceived Threat The term perceived threat makes an important distinction and brings up a critical point to remember: as in the case of chronic stress, the bodys stress response is repeatedly triggered on a daily basis in response to actual physical and psychological threats as well as perceived psychological threats. As a result, the body can become exhausted, and the overabundance of epinephrine and cortisol, as well as other aspects of the bodys stress response, can become maladaptive, resulting in lowered immunity and other health problems.   Good Stress Another important thing to remember about epinephrine and the bodys stress response is that it can be triggered in response to negative stress as well as excitement or eustress. While eustress or positive stress can help maintain vitality, its still important to maintain balance in how much your stress response is triggered  and to avoid too much total stress. Relieving Stress If you find that your bodys stress response seems to be triggered much of the time, its important to find stress relievers that work well for you.  This may not be the stress relievers that you read about as the most effective, but the stress relievers that work well enough and are enjoyable enough that youll practice them regularly.  Here are a few to consider. Short-Term Stress Relievers: Having a few stress relievers up your sleeve that can help you to calm your body quickly can help you to reverse your stress response and move on after you face a stressor.   Healthy Habits: Maintaining habits that help you to relieve long-term stress can help you to build resilience.  The key is to practice them regularly, and not just when you feel stressed.   Change the Way You Look at Things: Changing your perception of a situation can alter the frequency and severity of your stress reaction to whats going on in your life.  Sometimes the mind plays tricks on us and makes it seem like things are bleak or more stressful than they actually are.  Even when the stress is real, you can minimize it by altering the way you talk to yourself (your self-talk), what you choose to focus on, and the meaning you  attribute to various situations  You can read about some strategies for improving your way of experiencing the world by shifting your perspective.

My Personal Teaching Style And My Student s Learning Styles

I thoroughly enjoyed the reading, Learning and Teaching Styles In Foreign and Second Language Education by Richard M. Felder –Eunice R. Henriques. I have related this reading selection to my personal teaching/ learning style and my student’s learning styles, but especially to one particular student that I work with. The students’ on my caseload have disabilities that range from the following: verbal, sensory, auditory skills, and emotional and behavior disorders. Most of my students’ have specific learning disabilities that relate to the basic psychological processes that involve, understanding or using spoken or written language, which may contribute to their ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell and to perform mathematical calculations. One of my students, who I will refer to as, JV has a behavior disorder. It’s important to note that children with behavioral disorders do not necessarily have learning disabilities. JV is achieving above grade level with his reading fluency, yet requires ongoing support with behavior issues. To be specific, he is constantly making noises, will get out of his seat and roam about the room, lose focus and begin talking about different things that interest him. It is very difficult for JV to maintain focus for long unless a stimulating environment is provided. I decided to reach JV by providing material that is of interest to him. Stories that relate to his interest that he has selected are being used with instructionalShow MoreRelatedMy Teaching Toolbox.. Educ 6513: Teaching Adult Learners.1101 Words   |  5 Pages My Teaching Toolbox. 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The Wat Buddharangsi Of Miami Essay - 1377 Words

Religion is an important and prominent aspect of life. There are hundreds of religions established that influence thousands of followers. Personally, I am a follower of the Christian faith. My worship experience is in a church of like-followers praising an omnipotent God. In preparation for this research paper, I visited a worshiping venue for a religion outside the comfort zone of my own. In anticipation for the day of my visit, I did some prior research to a get a bit of background knowledge on my venue of choice. After some research and deliberation on a particular religion and venue to attend, I chose the Wat Buddharangsi of Miami: a Theravada Thai Buddhist Temple. Theravada Buddhism is a type of Buddhism that places emphasis on human pain in regards to God’s permit of evil on Earth. It is summarized by the Four Noble Truths that are based on the acknowledgment of suffering, its cause, and how we overcome this law of life (Livingston 246). Many of the practices of this rel igion include meditation. This alone peaked my interest because I see meditation being beneficial for not only religion, and not just specific to Buddhism, but useful for everyday life. Solidarity and peace gives you the opportunity to not only affirm your thoughts and beliefs, but also gives you a chance to focus on self-control. From the information I have gathered thus far, I could tell it would be an amazing learning experience that I wouldn’t regret. While beginning some research, I came upon someShow MoreRelatedWat Buddharangsi Of Miami : Theravada Buddhist Temple1799 Words   |  8 PagesBianca Abreu Wat Buddharangsi of Miami: Theravada Buddhist Temple Site visit: Saturday, 7/15/2016, 2 hour meditation Interviewee: Sunny â€Å"Our life is shaped by our mind; we become what we think. Suffering follows an evil thought as the wheels of a cart follow the oxen that draw it. Our life is shaped by our mind; we become what we think. 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The least any person can do is to learn about one of them andRead MoreEssay about Wat Buddharangsi Buddhist Temple 1756 Words   |  8 Pages On Sunday, September 8, 2013, I visited the Wat Buddharangsi Buddhist temple of Miami in Homestead. Every Sunday, they present a meditation service in English for two hours from three to five in the afternoon. Once I parked, the place of ritual was conveniently located across the parking lot. There was a shoe rack outside of the temple. Before I came to this temple, I read the guidelines from their website. The requirements for new guests are to remove your shoes before entering inside. Therefore

The Importance of Work in Society Free Essays

In order to maintain structure within society there are many intuitions that employed to achieve this goal. Work is an example of responsibly, discipline, and cultural awareness, qualities you will need for your future work life. First, how working teaches you responsibility, while working you have a set schedule that you have to maintain in order to be paid, so missing work means you have a lower paycheck and young teenagers love money and don’t want to miss any paychecks. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Work in Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now You are in charge of making all customers leave satisfied with a smile, if you don’t make that happen the company can have bad reviews, which can cause you to be fired. The more you the work the more you will have. Working also teaches you how to value things you have. The reason for this is that you work for the things you have saying you’re not going to work for something and let it go to waste or throw it away. Employers instruct their workers how to respect all costumers and how consumers are the reason, they are in business today, so tasks done to costumer’s satisfaction, with that being said employers drill into your head how to treat other people and how to run a successful business and that with hard work anything is possible. When you first but something with your own money you care about what, and how your money is being spent, also trains you that if what you’re is not of something of value than you really don’t need to have it. We as a community needs to teach our younger children the value of responsibility and discipline which is qualities that you need to have in your everyday life. Schools are biased on teaching you what they want you to know and not what you feel about it. So do not be ignorant to what the schools edify about values of life, learn it own your own. How to cite The Importance of Work in Society, Essay examples

The challenge of presenting a balanced representation Essay Example For Students

The challenge of presenting a balanced representation Essay The challenge of presenting a balanced representation of the past through the exploration of history and memory is dealt with very differently by the two composers Mark Baker and Alexander Kimel a direct result of their varying purposes. In Bakers The Fiftieth Gate (1999), the author attempts to create a balanced account of the past (i.e. One that is true, historically and emotionally relevant), while in Kimels poem, Do I Want to Remember? (1989), the purpose is not so much in representing a balanced account of the past as it is a conscious decision to represent only the emotional and memory-oriented aspects of the past .To this end, the varying degrees to which the past is presented as balanced representations of history and memory is a direct result of the authors purpose: Bakers challenge being to accurately trace his parents lives, Kimels challenge being to record the emotional suffering of his father. We will write a custom essay on The challenge of presenting a balanced representation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The challenge of presenting a balanced representation of the past is combatted in Mark Bakers memoir The Fiftieth Gate by using both history and memory in conjunction using one to vindicate the other. Bakers purpose is to broaden his understanding of the Australian survivors of the Holocaust by retracing his parents lives during the Holocaust. As such, Bakers memoir is a journey towards redemption, as symbolised by the motif of gates: whoever enters the fiftieth gate sees through Gods eyes from one end of the world. The darkness and the light. The dichotomy of light and dark is used by Baker to represent the very challenge of presenting a balanced account of the past, the metaphor representing the truth and ambiguity. Thus Baker attempts to elucidate the past by using history and memory in conjunction to create a complete past, and to fill in the gaps in his knowledge. This is highlighted in Bakers appropriate of Dan Pagis poem Written in Pencil in the Seated Railway-Car, changing it so that it is pertinent to his parents story. The poem itself is unfinished, here in this carload tell him that, the result of which is a reflection of his desire to represent a whole and complete past: I am Hinda, tell him that I. Baker acknowledges the flawed nature of both history and memory, indeed this is the very reason for the challenge of presenting a balanced past. As an historian, early in the memoir, Baker has a tendency to rely more on history than memory, constantly using lists and historical documents to validate the past, such as Graetzs Geschitche der Juden, and the use of his grandparents wedding certificate. The result of this however is a lack of emotion: history by itself cannot explain the torment of a child forced to live in darkness for two years, or the anguish of a thirteen year old forced to watch his mother taken to be gassed. To this end, history is represented as cold and clinical: what are these sheets of paper anyway except echoes of the past, dark shadows without screams. This over-reliance on his tory leads to conflict with his parents, as seen in the constant use of the clinical onomatopoeic refrain of tak tak tak and Left. Right. Left. Right to demonstrate the objectivity inherent in history. Bakers parents berate his use of fecks, and indeed he himself admits his shame in having doubted his parents memories. Thus by demonstrating the clinical nature of historical sources, Baker shows the challenges of presenting a balanced representation of the past. Baker also demonstrates this difficulty in the nature of memory, which is portrayed as ambiguous and prone to fault. This can be seen most clearly in memorys degradation as a result of age, disease and time. For instance, Bakers grandfather suffers from dementia, resulting in difficulties in procuring information from him. This is explored further in Bakers doubts over his mothers past: as the only survivor of an Aktion in the obscure Polish town of Bolzsowce, verifying the past is made near impossible. Indeed this is reflected in his mothers low modality: maybe I forgot.: Baker suggests that memory must be aided, his way of achieving a balanced representation of the past. .uc643c880a138e01dee20089085191f12 , .uc643c880a138e01dee20089085191f12 .postImageUrl , .uc643c880a138e01dee20089085191f12 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc643c880a138e01dee20089085191f12 , .uc643c880a138e01dee20089085191f12:hover , .uc643c880a138e01dee20089085191f12:visited , .uc643c880a138e01dee20089085191f12:active { border:0!important; } .uc643c880a138e01dee20089085191f12 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc643c880a138e01dee20089085191f12 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc643c880a138e01dee20089085191f12:active , .uc643c880a138e01dee20089085191f12:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc643c880a138e01dee20089085191f12 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc643c880a138e01dee20089085191f12 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc643c880a138e01dee20089085191f12 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc643c880a138e01dee20089085191f12 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc643c880a138e01dee20089085191f12:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc643c880a138e01dee20089085191f12 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc643c880a138e01dee20089085191f12 .uc643c880a138e01dee20089085191f12-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc643c880a138e01dee20089085191f12:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Metternich The Leader EssayHis father Joes memory is part of a collective whole, with the place names of Auschwitz and Treblinka metonymically serving to represent the shared memories of other survivors: the next terrifying chapter jumped at him like a jack-in-the-box. Thus Baker suggests that memory requires historical validation to metaphorically release the torrent whose flow went backwards into his darkest might. This metaphor serves to show the extent to which memory is an emotive force, Baker also using olfactory imagery in pungent odour of fresh vomit and faeces and aural imagery in screaming sound of shots to demonstrate the aspects of the past that historical reco rd cannot present. Thus Baker deals with the challenge of presenting ag balanced representation of the past by amalgamating history and memory into one accurate representation of the past. This can be seen in the visit to Buchenwald with Joe, in which Joes memory supplies some detail, while Bakers historical interjection provide other details. To this end, Joe provides the emotional responses (a great noise. Hurrah!) while Baker verifies this with objective facts (10:30am on 11 April 1945). The triumph of truthful representation is presented in the Buchenwald Ball, where they danc, not there, but in spite of there, in defiance of then, in celebration of now, in memory of them. Therefore it is clear that Baker in The Fiftieth Gate uses both history and memory to deal with the challenge of presenting a balanced representation of the past. This challenge is dealt with somewhat differently by Alexander Kimel in his poem about his fathers time in a concentration camp, Do I Want to remember?. Kimels purpose is not to present a balanced account of the past, but to deliberately ignore historical fact and create a homage to his fathers life. He stresses the importance of remembering emotions not facts, thus intentionally creating an unbalanced account of the past. Kimel uses the refrain of Do I Want to remember? at the head of every stanza, the repetition of this rhetorical question serving to highlight the necessity, and difficulty, of recording memory as well as history. The refrain of I cannot forget which ends every stanza is also used to reflect the ability of an omnipresent memory to remain forever, thus creating a legacy. To this end Kimel is very selective of the past, intentionally stressing what he sees as important and interesting in his fathers life. His text is reflective, not didactic like Baker. Like Baker however, he uses graphic imagery to stress the emotions and subjectivity of the past that history cannot hope to portray: faces of mothers carved with pain. Kimel also uses the metaphor of shadows on swollen legs to demonstrate the atrocities experienced by his father, and thus the necessity he sees in recording only his fathers memories of the past, an unbalanced account. Kimel presents this unbalanced account due to his distrust and skepticism of the nature of history. He repeatedly refers to history as numbers scrawled on a page, suggesting that history without memory creates a history in which there is nothing personal: no not people, numbers. This belief is reflected in his intense desire to record the past, his subversion of the refrains in the final stanza showing this. Kimel says, Do I want to remember the world upside down?: concluding that Yes. And I will never let you forget, which serves to show both the need of Kimels to portray a purely emotional and memory based recreation of the past, as well as the moral imperative that survivors have to pass on their legacy. This is shown in the shift to the second person narration, which suggests that the audience too should be considering the nature of history, and the necessity of emotional content. Furthermore, Kimel uses the metaphor of history as sandpaper and memory as silk, to portray his very intentional ignorance of history. Therefore unlike Baker, Kimel does not attempt to create a balanced representation of the past, instead making a conscious decision to stress the importance of memory, and the emotions that only memory can convey. .u59e124c038d2b55d43e71d114f2ed47a , .u59e124c038d2b55d43e71d114f2ed47a .postImageUrl , .u59e124c038d2b55d43e71d114f2ed47a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u59e124c038d2b55d43e71d114f2ed47a , .u59e124c038d2b55d43e71d114f2ed47a:hover , .u59e124c038d2b55d43e71d114f2ed47a:visited , .u59e124c038d2b55d43e71d114f2ed47a:active { border:0!important; } .u59e124c038d2b55d43e71d114f2ed47a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u59e124c038d2b55d43e71d114f2ed47a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u59e124c038d2b55d43e71d114f2ed47a:active , .u59e124c038d2b55d43e71d114f2ed47a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u59e124c038d2b55d43e71d114f2ed47a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u59e124c038d2b55d43e71d114f2ed47a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u59e124c038d2b55d43e71d114f2ed47a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u59e124c038d2b55d43e71d114f2ed47a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u59e124c038d2b55d43e71d114f2ed47a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u59e124c038d2b55d43e71d114f2ed47a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u59e124c038d2b55d43e71d114f2ed47a .u59e124c038d2b55d43e71d114f2ed47a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u59e124c038d2b55d43e71d114f2ed47a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Road Not Taken EssayIn conclusion, the challenge of presenting a balanced representation of the past is reflected in the texts of both Mark Baker and Alexander Kimel, Baker suggesting the necessity of a combination of history and memory to create an interpretation of the past that is accurate, Kimel suggesting that only memory need be used to create a past that is emotionally viable. Very assured voice Good focus on question Unfortunately, you begin Baker (after your treatment of the epigraph) most obscurely. The Pagis section is unclear and feels muddled/muddling. And its a rather minor way to start the text! This quickly gathers momentum, though and becomes far more effective Try to use the words represent, presentation in conjunction with the specific events, situations, personalities youre exploring in your examples Keep key words clear as part of your argument. Your second paragraph on Baker essentially ignores the idea of a challenge. You end your treatment of the text in the next paragraph well. The poem is treated very well and the links to Baker are pertinent and illuminating. Challenge is lost. There appears to be no challenge for Kimel and this should have been stressed, further in relation to his thoughts about historical documentation/discourse.